Bay Tree

A bay tree (Laurus nobilis)—also called bay laurel or sweet bay—is an evergreen shrub or small tree known for its aromatic leaves, commonly used as a culinary herb.

Botanical Description

Family: Laurace

Form:

Evergreen shrub or small tree, typically 6–30 ft tall when cultivated; can grow taller in ideal conditions.

Leaves:

Thick, leathery, lance-shaped (narrow and pointed).

Glossy dark green on top, lighter on the underside.

Strong aromatic scent when crushed.

Bark:

Smooth and gray when young, becoming more rugged with age.

Flowers:

Small, pale yellow or greenish.

Bloom in spring. Usually appear in clusters in the leaf axils.

Fruit:

A small, shiny black berry that ripens in autumn.

Usually produced on female plants (bay is dioecious, meaning separate male and female plants).

Habitat and Growth

Native to the Mediterranean region.

Prefers well-drained soil, full sun to partial shade, and mild climates.

Tolerant of pruning and commonly grown as a topiary, hedge, or container plant.

Uses

Culinary: Leaves are used to flavor soups, stews, sauces, and meats (removed before serving).

Ornamental: Attractive evergreen foliage makes it a popular landscape and patio plant.

Symbolic: Historically used to make laurel wreaths symbolizing honor and victory.